From wikipedia:
"...The single-page agreement which contains seven short
articles was signed by H. M. Durand and Amir Abdur Rahman Khan,
agreeing not to exercise interference beyond the frontier line
between Afghanistan and what was then colonial British India (now
Pakistan).[1] A joint British-Afghan demarcation survey took
place starting from 1894, covering some 800 miles of the
border.[2][3] The resulting Durand Line established the "Great
Game" buffer zone between British and Russian interests in the
region.[4] This poorly marked border cuts through the Pashtun
tribal area and lies in one of the most dangerous places in the
world.[5][6][7] Although shown on most maps as the western
international border of Pakistan, it is unrecognized by
Afghanistan. ..." Note that it "cuts through the Pashtun tribal
area." Standard imperial practice: create a "national" border
that breaks up or disrupts long-established tribal relationships,
fomenting dissension and hostilities. If the Durand Line "is
unrecognized by Afghanistan," for the Pashtun it is mere fiction.
Thus the "porous" "border" between Pakistan and Afghanistan; for
the Pashtun there is no such "border."
(We find similar issues in "Kurdistan" involving at least THREE
"nations" having significant Kurdish minorities. It would seem
that most Kurds seek their own nation, a fact that makes for
continuous tension to which pressure points may be applied at
will in many circumstances. (Some argue that the imperialists who
created these synthetic borders were just ignorant of the
relevant cultures; others argue that it was intentional so as to
retain levers of power in the relevant regions.)
You be the judge. -30-
Login or register to post comments report this comment glenn
ford August 29th, 2010 9:32 am
Furusund
TEL
folder
ver html är den giltiga, inte htm
Durandlinjen Δ
är den gränsdragning i Hindu Kush, vilken
överenskoms i Durandfördraget 1893, och som fortfarande
utgör gränsen mellan Afganistan och Pakistan. Avtalet
skrevs under av härskaren i Kabul för Afganistan och av
dåvarande vicekonungen uti Brittiska Indien!
Hur som helst så medförde kriget 1878-80 att
området bebott av Pashtunstammen delades tvärsigenom
av Durand. "The tribal area was divided into roughly
equal spheres of influence". På den brittisk-indiska
sidan (nuvarande pakistanska sidan) förekom sen flera
stamuppror men inga alls på den afganska sidan. Folket som
bodde där erkände aldrig gränsen, de hade inte
behov av någon gräns där mr Durand drog den.
Att Pastunerna egentligen bort få ett eget land
— står väl numera klart för
de flesta?
For months, Afghan and US
intelligence officials have warned about a regrouping of Al Qaeda
and the Taliban on both sides of the porous Afghan-Pakistani
border. More ominous still for the war in Afghanistan is the
reported alliance of America's enemies with old friends from the
Soviet war, namely the radical Islamist party Hizb-i Islami. Some
leaflets signed by Hizb and Taliban leaders have even called on
Muslims to join an all-out jihad or holy struggle against
American forces timed to the beginning of America's war in
Iraq.
Källa:
www.csmonitor.com
Uppdatering juni 2007
en
engelskspråkig update: www.humaniteinenglish.com/
Bilder från år 2001 | Karta över
Tora Bora | Ned |
Upp
Björn Kumm har en välskriven och
uppdaterad,
kort om landet
Afghanistan — på svenska
förstås!
En tyskspråkig essä om Pashtuner
och om Durandlinjen (Dr Bernhard Trautner)
Afghanistan. Die Koinzidenz der Ereignisse
/Manhattan/ und die Hinweise auf den gleichen Urheber werfen ein
grelles Licht auf das grosse Verhängnis Afghanistans:
Ausgebeutet von der Kolonialmacht Grossbritannien,
gedemütigt von russischen Besetzern, zerstört von
kriegslüsternen Stammesfürsten und schliesslich erobert
von fanatischen im benachbarten Pakistan ausgebildeten Islamisten
steht das bitterarme Gebirgsland heute im Brennpunkt des blutigen
Konfliktes zwischen den Gross- und Supermächten und einem
global operierenden Terror-Netzwerk, dass der halben Welt im
Namen Allahs den Krieg erklärt hat.
Dass Bin Laden den Angelpunkt der aktuellen
Eskalation darstellt, ist dabei keineswegs Zufall. Der reiche
saudische Erbe und skrupellose Fanatiker ist genau jene
Schlüsselfigur, die wie keine andere die
verhängnisvolle Verstrickung Afghanistans in die Weltpolitik
dokumentiert. Die Taten Bin Ladens und seiner Anhänger sind
nicht zuletzt auch ein Preis für die Skrupellosigkeit, mit
der die beiden Supermächte während des Kalten Krieges
das Volk der Afghanen für ihre Zwecke
instrumentalisierten.
USA:s krig är ett brott
Perssons anpasslighet en skam
Återigen bombar
världens rikaste och mäktigaste nation . . .
Så skriver Erik Wijk i en ledare i Yelah.net. Du kan
läsa
hela ledaren och printa ut den dessutom.
Rudolf
Augstein — Der Spiegel om bombningar i november
2001
Addendum 30 december 2005:
War without end
Only justice, not bombs, can make our
dangerous world a safer place
By Robert Fisk
We have gone on smashing away at the human
rights we trumpeted at the Russians - and the Arabs - during the
Cold War. We have perhaps fatally weakened all those provisions
that were written into our treaties and conventions in the
aftermath of the Second World War to make the world a safer
place. And we claim we are winning.
Källa:
www.informationclearinghouse
USA:s alla krig är brottslighet utan motstycke!
Aktuellt 2 dec 2008
The current US thinking leans towards equipping select Pashtun
tribes to fight the Taliban and al-Qaeda. It is a controversial
move that worries the Pakistani military, as it might ignite
violence in the Pashtun regions inside Pakistan and fuel the
Pashtunistan demand.
Besides, Obana has bluntly warned that he would get the US
Special Forces to strike inside the Pakistani territory if the
security situation warranted. Such moves will be seen by
the Pakistani military as a humiliating slap on its face. [ ...
]
What is more disconcerting for the Pakistani military is the
likelihood that Obana's "exit strategi" will emphasize the rapid
build-up of a 134,000-strong Afghan national army. [ ... ]
However, the law of diminishing returns begins to work for the
Pakistani military once an Afghan national army gains traction.
Indeed, an Afghan army will, most certainly, be led by ethnic
Tajik officers. [ ... ]
more
at www.atimes.com
Mars 2011
‘May I call your attention to an article
from March 2 in the NY Times entitled ‘Nine Afghan boys
collecting firewood killed by NATO Helicopters’.
‘I live with my grandson, 12, and as part of our making a
living we collect and sell firewood. Nathan gets paid 25 dollars
for loading and unloading a cord of wood from our truck. When I
read this story I could not get out of my mind the pure chance
that made Nathan a healthy American boy who could collect
firewood and earn money, rather than a poor Afghan boy whose life
was destroyed by NATO (American?) men (women?) in a helicopter
thousands of miles from their homes. With rue my heart is
laden.
‘David Petreus has “apologized.” Perhaps he has
children and grandchildren. Perhaps he should send his children
over to Afghanistan to collect firewood for these boys’
sisters for the rest of their lives to atone for this outrageous
cold blooded murder.(‘they shot the boys one after the
other”.) Maybe the men in the helicopter should do the
same. Perhaps Barack Obama’s two daughters could
help.
Perhaps they should put on rags and kiss their feet and beg
forgiveness.
Alexander Cockburn,
CounterPunch Diary
Obama själv lär har bett om förlåtelse...
Mona och Fredrik borde också be om förlåtelse.
För det dåliga sällskapet med mördare.
A comment aug 2010
OleManRiver August 29th, 2010
How come nobody ever mentions the Durand Line, or the Durand
Line Agreement?
The Tourist Map I have from the early 70's labels the Pakistan
side of the border as Pastunstan. The Afghans Parliment has
officially rejected the Durand Line because:
1. It was coerced under the threat of continued military
aggression.
2. It was cosigned by an entity that no longer exists British
India.
Socialism, Afghanistan swung from a Benign Parlimentary Monarchy
to Socialism though a series of coups. It was exactly when a
progressive socialist government was implementing Gender and
Agrarian equity that the USA armed rebelling regressive
reactionaries. Settting in motion twenty years of massive
warfare. And it was exactly when the Taliban ended twenty years
of warfare and pacified Afghanistan that the USA attacked and
initiated another decade of (and still counting) warfare.
Asphalt, the Russians provided asphalt also and one of the
longest highest tunnels in the world linking Kabul with the
Soviet Union. As the Soviets retreated through this miles long
intermitent tunnel, the Mujahdeen RPGed a petrol tanker at the
head of the column in the tunnel and proceded to massacre much of
the miles long convoy. Sorta like when they slaughtered all but
one soldier in the second invasion by the British as the entire
British army retreated enmass. Christianity, Remember events
often have many causes, and the cabbie slasher was a missionary
embedded with the invaders. "Vanity Fair" had an expose' on the
fanatical Christian group that many Politicians join when they
arrive in DC.
transumt:
Commondreams aug 2010
